YEAR	RISK FACTORS	AUTHOR	SOURCE	SELECTION	ABSTRACT
2009	Ethics, rules, and risk management	Donna Veraldi PhD	psychology CD	10591	Differences between ethics and rules, how standards of care are developed, how they impact practice, and whether standards of care have worked to improve care or to play a major factor in risk management issues will be presented. Attendees will have a chance to 1) discuss our current ethical guidelines and to consider both the positive and negative impact of these guidelines, 2) discuss whether our profession, which is a scientifically-oriented and research-based profession, follows its own standards in coming to conclusions about research that can affect professional practice. Donna M. Veraldi, Ph.D. is in private practice in Billings, Montana.
2008	Juror verdict predicted from a four-item Voir Dire question battery	R Edward Geiselman PhD Michael Keesler Michelle Emrani and Jae Yu	psychiatry journal	8105	The Bill of Rights calls for an impartial jury, yet few, if any, legal scholars believe jurors approach their duty as blank slates. A flurry of mock-jury simulations and field studies of actual juries appeared throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s in an attempt to isolate measures of a priori juror bias. To summarize the findings, personality characteristics have produced limited reliability as predictors of juror sentiment and verdict. Instead, consideration of complex interactions between personality variables and case-specific factors seems to be required for adequately predicting juror verdict. In addition, personality variables have been found to be more reliable predictors of juror decisions when the case evidence is more equivocal ( close calls ).
2008	Internet fantasy and prediction	Elliot Atkins, Ed.D.	psychology CD	10644	This presentation will help attendees gain insight into the personality, thinking and intention of individuals who use the Internet to engage in dialogues (chats) that include reference to pedophilic acts. Following this presentation, attendees should: understand the depth and scope of this escalating phenomenon; gain insight into the mindset of individuals who engage in this behavior; understand the role that fantasy and role-playing play in this phenomenon; be able to differentiate between those who are more and less likely to act out these fantasies; and understand the forensic and treatment implications of this phenomenon.--Dr. Elliot Atkins is in private clinical, forensic and consulting practice in Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
2008	Juror verdict predicted from a four-item voir-dire question battery	Edward Geiselman, Ph.D.	psychology CD	10665	The goal of this research was to isolate and confirm a small set of question items that could be used during voir dire to reflect a priori juror bias across a variety of cases. Exploratory and confirmatory studies identified four attitude variables that correlate with perceptions of fairness in the legal system and reasonable doubt. These measures were found to predict verdicts and perceptions of legal responsibility across a range of mock trial tests. Participants will learn of factors that may reliably bias jurors before a trial, and will learn of a question battery that holds promise for assessing juror bias.--Edward Geiselman, Ph.D. is a professor in the Department of Psychology at UCLA. He serves as an expert witness in the field of eyewitness psychology and as an investigative interviewer on cold cases.
2007	Predicting Alienation in Children Prodromal Signs: How and When to Use Therapies and to Involve the Court	Barry Bricklin, Ph.D.	psychology CD	10345	Sixteen signs were identified that can help predict later alienation in children in which there were no apparent signs of any form of estrangement when their parents first entered therapy. Some parents in this sample came for marital therapy, but eventually divorced. The majority entered therapy soon after divorce, seeking help with a variety of post-divorce issues. It is critical to know what to do and what not to do when prodromal signs first appear. If you make the correct therapeutic moves you can prevent, or greatly mitigate, later damage.
2007	Child/adolescent risk assessment: prediction versus risk assessment, a dynamic process	Frank Ezzo, PhD Thomas Evans PhD	psychology CD	10364	The presentation will distinguish between the goal of risk assessment as management of risk and not prediction of risk behavior. Demographic and epidemiological data will be presented as an important framework for understanding risk assessment.
2007	Vividness and spontaneity of statement detail characteristics as predictors of witness credibility	Kevin Colwell PhD Cheryl Hiscock-Anisman PhD	psychology journal	7007	A major challenge for investigators is the constant potential for deception. The present article is a step toward developing a system of interviewing and assessment which facilitates the discrimination of honest from deceptive statements. Specifically, this article addresses memory-related detail characteristics (vividness and spontaneity) as indices of statement credibility, and provides information regarding appropriate experimental design for future studies in credibility assessment.
2007	Children who murder-can they really understand, predict the consequences to their victims or themselves?	Cassandra Klyman MD	psychiatry CD	10683	Learn the constellation of facts that can lead up to a child killing another; the recent genetic and neuroscientific imaging evidence that can exculpate their crime, and the psychiatric disorders that may be significant for understanding why the crime could occur and the way punishment and rehabilitation should be designed. Participants will be better able to evaluate and recommend treatment for patient-litigants. A review of the literature and the close examination of my own clinical material will be discussed in the light of neuroscientific evidence regarding brain development and psychiatric diagnostic criteria in order to discuss aspects of responsibility--psychological and legal--for children who kill. Aggression is normally held in check by impulse control mediated by both internal and external controls. Delaying the gratification of violent desire can be a com promise between genetic, maturational capability and the competing desires to please ones you love, depend upon or to avoid their wrath. Identification with the aggressor and suppressing evidence of previous wrongdoing to avoid punishment were the de fenses used in the specific case which was complicated by a familial mood disorder.
2006	Maternal filicide: classifications and risk factors	Bernard Poulin M.Ps, Jacques Marleau PhD	psychology journal	9015	This study aims to determine the extent to which five clinical cases of maternal filicide fit in the categories put forth by seven major authors who attempted to comprehend the complexity of such an act. The objective of this study is also to determine which factors or dimensions can better assess the level of risk of such acting out occurring. : Data was collected concerning five clinical cases of mothers which were hospitalized at a maximum security forensic facility, the Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, after they killed one of their biological children between 1990 and 1999
2006	Risk assessment: meeting the standard of care	Dr Ricky Hawks	psychology tape	3238	This presentation will give an overview for a universal model of risk assessment. Attendees will recognize current trends in standard-of-care risk assessments; identify the four universal stages of any risk assessment: Collect Data, Estimate Risk, Manage Risk, and Communicate Risk; and gain an understanding of the importance of assessing both imminent/contextual and long-term/actuarial risk models. Regardless of the type of risk assessment completed, the attendee will recognize the four essential phases of a standard of care risk assessment and learn about process model of risk.
2006	Tarasoff revisited: duty to predict the future?	Steven Klee PhD	psychology tape	3239	Thirty years following the original Tarasoff decision has allowed states to examine both the limits and range of the duty to warn and duty to protect mandates. The purpose of this presentation will be to review some of the past significant court decisions in this area, to discuss recent trends in court decisions and to look at the implications of these decisions on clinical practice. Additional discussion will focus on newer applications of the duty to protect mandate involving such issues as HIV. Discussion will focus on ways for clinicians to protect themselves when dealing with Tarasoff like situations.
2006	The social sexual awareness scale (SSASW): development and validation of an instrument to measure capacity to consent to high risk sexual behavior	David Bogacki PhD Deborah Armstrong PsyD	psychology journal	7031	The Social Sexual Awareness Scale (SSAS) was designed to measure knowledge, intelligence, and awareness of voluntariness about high risk sexual behavior. Two studies used the SSAS to assess capacity to consent to high risk sexual behavior. The first study investigated intellectual functioning, adaptive functioning, mental retardation, and capacity to consent to high risk sexual behavior in 32 persons with developmental disability. The second study explored intellectual functioning, interdisciplinary team recommendations, and capacity to consent to high risk sexual behavior in 49 persons with developmental disability. The SSAS correlated positively with levels of intellectual and adaptive functioning. Persons perceived by the interdisciplinary team as capable of consent to high risk sexual behavior performed better on the SSAS than persons deemed incapable of consent. These findings are congruent with the conceptual basis underlying the scale and argue for convergent and concurrent criterion validity.
2006	Effect of base-rate information on the perception of risk for reoffense	Jeremy Mills PD Daryl Kroner PhD	psychology journals	7027	Studies have shown that mental health professionals prefer to communicate violence risk by describing the presence of risk factors and the appropriate intervention. The second most valued method of communicating risk is through descriptive categories of Low, Moderate, or High. Notwithstanding the preferences of professionals there has been no study of how descriptive categories are understood by others. This research asked mental health professionals to provide percent likelihood estimates for each of these three categories: General, Violent, and Sexual Recidivism. Half of the participants received base-rate information and half did not. The results showed that there was an overestimation of violent and sexual recidivism for those participants both with and without base-rate information. The results are discussed in terms of how to better communicate risk for re-offending.
2006	Risk episode management	Rick Hawks EdD	Psychology tape	7029	The nature of risk is fluid and dynamic and includes short-term and long-term dimensions. The course of risk varies and is best characterized by an episode of risk. Risk assessment is a process that constantly involves risk management, review of its effectiveness and reassessment. This monitoring process can best be accomplished by taking a variety of risk snapshots. There is a current need in the field of risk assessment to develop theoretical models to explain and accommodate the nature and course of risk. As an episode of risk is more effectively managed, safety increases and monitoring expenses are reduced. The PREMP model is a proposed theoretical model that is able to accommodate the nature and course of risk.
2006	Risk assessment: meeting the standard of care	Dr Ricky Hawks	psychology CD	10712	This presentation will give an overview for a universal model of risk assessment. Attendees will recognize current trends in standard-of-care risk assessments; identify the four universal stages of any risk assessment: Collect Data, Estimate Risk, Manage Risk, and Communicate Risk; and gain an understanding of the importance of assessing both imminent/contextual and long-term/actuarial risk models. Regardless of the type of risk assessment completed, the attendee will recognize the four essential phases of a standard of care risk assessment and learn about process model of risk.
2006	Tarasoff revisited: duty to predict the future	Steven Klee, PhD	psychology tape	10237	Thirty years following the original Tarasoff decision has allowed states to examine both the limits and range of the duty to warn and duty to protect mandates. The purpose of this presentation will be to review some of the past significant court decisions in this area, to discuss recent trends in court decisions and to look at the implications of these decisions on clinical practice. Additional discussion will focus on newer applications of the duty to protect mandate involving such issues as HIV. Discussion will focus on ways for clinicians to protect themselves when dealing with Tarasoff like situations.
2006	Powerless as a risk factor for violence in first episode schizophrenia-two illustrative cases	Gordon Davies DPM, MRC Psych MAPS	psychiatry journal	8091	no abstract
2006	Tarasoff revisited: duty to predict the future?	Steven Klee PhD	psychology CD	10713	Thirty years following the original Tarasoff decision has allowed states to examine both the limits and range of the duty to warn and duty to protect mandates. The purpose of this presentation will be to review some of the past significant court decisions in this area, to discuss recent trends in court decisions and to look at the implications of these decisions on clinical practice. Additional discussion will focus on newer applications of the duty to protect mandate involving such issues as HIV. Discussion will focus on ways for clinicians to protect themselves when dealing with Tarasoff like situations.
2005	Risk management and atypical antipsychotics: deja vu all over again	Thomas W Brown, MD, JD	psychiatry tapes	3141	Evidence continues to increase that certain atypical antipsychotic agents carry greater risk of metabolic complications. Will failure to exclusively utilize agents identified as lower risk leave psychiatrists vulnerable to litigation, much as earlier practitioners were held liable when older antipsychotics used for anxiolysis led to tardive kinesia? Current psychiatric practice should be informed by familiarity with all aspects of risk/benefit analysis in this area. Forensic psychiatrists will understand the nature of metabolic risks involved; learn how to document necessary risk/benefit analysis to avoid subsequent allegation of negligent prescribing; will understand clinical rationale for continued use of higher risk medication based on risk assessment.
2005	Risk assessment: meeting the standard of care	Hawks RD	psychology tape	3179	Mental health professionals are confronted with evaluating the level of dangerousness associated with a client s harm to self, physical aggression toward others and/or sexual acting out. Although professionals may not be experts in the various types of dangerousness, the liability to meet the standard of care in assessing risk is still present. An overview is given for a universal model of risk assessment. Attendees will recognize current trends in standard-of-care risk assessments; identify the four universal stages of any risk assessment: Collect Data, Estimate Risk, Manage Risk, and Communicate Risk; and gain an understanding of the importance of assessing both imminent/contextual and long-term/actuarial risk models.
2005	Actuarial risk-assessment instruments may over-predict recidivism with older offenders	Brett Trowbridge PhD, JD	psychology tape	3180	Re-offense rates for offenders drop off sharply after 50 years of age, as most offenders burnout in mid-life. However, current three strikes laws are causing prisons to fill up with ever more elderly inmates. Furthermore, sexual predator laws are bringing about the long-term civil commitment of large numbers of elderly sex offenders. Actuarial instruments, such as the SORAG, the RRASOR, and the Static-99, were developed using younger offenders. Participants will learn why actuarial instruments may not be valid with older offenders; will gain insight into how these issues affect sexual predator civil-commitments; will learn how to calculate false-positive rates given accuracy of actuarial instruments and base-rates. issues.
2005	Revisiting the Tarasoff duty: risk assessment and liability in clinical and forensic practice	Alex Yufik JD, PsyD	psychology tape	3187	Dr. Yufik will examine the scope of therapist liability and address the recent legal decisions that have broadened the context under which clinicians face potential liability for failing to adequately assess and predict potential violence by their patients, as well as for failing to protect third parties. Attendees will learn about the legal, ethical and professional ramifications of confidentiality; the exceptions to confidentiality in the legal and therapeutic setting; the recent legal decisions regarding therapist liability, including decisions that redefine the duty of care and civil liability affecting forensic practice; and the most recent developments in risk assessment and treatment recommendations regarding management of patients that present a risk of violence.
2005	Risk assessment of sex offenders	Dr Hy Malinek	psychology tape	3196	The field of risk assessment of sex offenders and sexually violent predators has undergone a great deal of change in recent years. Current approaches for assessing risk rely on meta analytic studies, which identify commonly reported risk factors, emphasize an actuarially-based approach for decisions making, and rely much less on clinical judgment and on factors like admission of responsibility or expressions of empathy and remorse. This presentation will review new research on sexual recidivism, identify commonly reported risk factors associated with recidivism, describe some of the actuarial tools which are often utilized, and report on the difficulties and challenges involved in conducting these assessments, and in delivering ethical and balanced testimony about risk estimates.
2005	Filicide and insanity defense: legal authoritarianism and empathy as predictors of guilt	Dawn Hurst MA, Linda Foley PhD	psychology journal	9006	Maternal filicide, though relatively rare, has progressively become more predominant in mainstream multimedia. Filicide is loosely defined as the killing of a son or daughter by a parent or step parent. For purposes of this article, "filicide" will encompass neonaticide (i.e., killing a child within the first 24 hours of life), infanticide (i.e., killing a child within more than 24 hours to one year of life), and filicide (i.e., killing a child after the first year of life). Recent highly publicized cases have prompted a growing interest by clinicians, researchers, and law enforcement agencies. The reason for killing one s child is not evident; however, a considerable amount of literature exists that suggests mental illness is a contributing factor. The current case involves a woman who kills her two children after being taken off depression medication. She pleads Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity (NGRI). Participants (N = 144) completed the Legal Attitudes Questionnaire Revised (LAQR) and the Perspective-Taking (PT) Subscale of the Empathy Scale. A low score on the LAQR predicted decisions of NGRI, not guilty of first-degree murder, and not deserving of the death penalty. A high score on the PT Subscale predicted less likelihood of guilty first-degree murder decisions. Participants attitudes predicted decisions about degree of defendant culpability and severity of punishment.
2005	Revisiting the Tarasoff decision: risk assessment and liability in clinical and forensic practice	Alex Yufik JD, PsyD	psychology journal	9000	In the Tarasoff case patient told his therapist that he intended to kill an an unnamed but identifiable girl. Therapist notified police. Police released the patient, who then killed the girl. Parents sued the therapist. Supreme court held that the therapist owes a duty to warn the victim of the danger. In the Ewing case patient Colello failed to tell Dr. Goldstein, his therapist, that he planned to kill his girlfriend, her new boyfriend and to commit suicide. He did tell his father, who told the therapist of his son s plan. The therapist suggested the the father hospitalize his son but no sooner was he safely in the hospital, the inpatient psychiatrist discharged him. He murdered the boyfriend and committed suicide. The trial court immunized Dr. Goldstein from liability because the communication of danger failed to be a direct communication of patient to therapist. The Appeals court, however, found that the Trial court had too narrowly construed the duty to warn. This article reviews prior relevant legal decisions, and discusses potential legal, ethical and clinical implications for clinicians in California, as well as other states and suggest guidelines for clinical and forensic practice. It also examines the impact of criminalization of the Tarasoff Duty as it relates to California clinicians and the impact these decisions will have on clinician s duty to provide informed consent. As a result of these recent Court decisions continuing the erosion of psychotherapist-patient privilege, a greater possibility exists that more persons will be hospitalized, perhaps inappropriately and that therapists will be forced to testify against their patients in later criminal proceedings
2004	Managing the risk of violence using the adult or juvenile CARE	Kathryn Seifert PhD	psychology tape	3085	The adult and juvenile CAREs are risk management tools. They determine the appropriate type and intensity of services needed. They use risk and resiliency factors and have been in development for seven years. Attendees will be able to describe the appropriate use of these tools to assess and manage the risk of violence and will be able to list three risk and resiliency factors of risk for violence. Attendees will also be able to explain a theoretical model for the development of violence. Kathryn Seifert, Ph.D., Private Practice, Salisbury, MD; Developer of the CARE (Child and Adolescent Risk Evaluation)
2004	Evaluating recidivism risk for criminal sentencing	James W Schutte PhD	psychology tape	3072	Forensic psychologists often receive requests to render professional opinions on a criminal defendant s risk of recidivism. Although this practice has been justly criticized in the past as being largely inaccurate, in recent years several objective instruments have been developed to assist the professional in this effort. These instruments will be discussed.
2004	The California sexually violent predator (SVP) diagnosis and prediction	John Podboy PhD , Albert J Kastl PhD and TD Donaldson PhD	psychology tape	3103	The presenters will provide a brief history of psychodiagnosis and discuss issues of validity and reliability in forensic psychology. Particular emphasis will be given to the paraphilias in relation to diagnosis. In California, forensic psychologists make important decisions in regard to sexually violent predators. The reliability and validity of such judgments will be discussed. Participants will learn about current psychodiagnostic instruments in the realm of the paraphilias; they will be able to assess the clinical and forensic utility of these instruments and to understand limitations of current diagnostic procedures, especially in regard to the sexually violent predator classification.
2004	Predicting future sexual violence: Can clinicians add anything?	Alan A Abrams MD, JD	psychiatry tapes	3107	California, like many other states, has enacted a Sexually Violent Predator law which allows extended civil commitment in the forensic state hospital. Commitment requires a unanimous jury, inter alia, to agree that the individual has a mental disorder that makes him/her likely to engage in sexually violent behavior. Screening for future committees has become a statistical or actuarial mapping of risk factors for sexual reoffending. The presentation will discuss tensions, contradictions and tautologies between extended quasi-civil commitment, past criminal behaviors, official reliance on actuarial tabulations, and the role of the forensic clinician in educating the trier of fact. Attendees will learn of the strengths and weaknesses of current actuarial modeling for predicting future sexual violence; to parse the criteria for Pedophilia in DSM-IV-TR, and the meaning of mental disorder under the California SVP law; they will also become familiar with the role of NOS diagnoses.
2004	Assessing risk for violence: a retrospective analysis from a forensic service	R Gail Robertson PhD	psychiatry journal	1082	Several cases which resulted in a perpetrator committing unexpected extreme violence were reviewed retrospectively. The cases highlight some of the challenges facing mental health professionals when assessing risk for violence, e.g. One night he committed the brutal murder of a woman who was a resident in the group home where he was residing. He had been having an intimate relationship with her. Apparently he became angry after she rejected a sexual advance he made to her...
2004	Ethical risks in child custody: where is the wizard of oz when you need him?	Ira Gorman PhD	psychology journal	6213	Like Dorothy, mental health professionals in the field of child custody are at times caught in a tornado of events. Dorothy in her quest to return home encountered her share of trauma the Wicked Witch of the West, flying monkeys, lions, tigers and bears. She was fortunate. Providing her consultation, nurturance, and guidance were a host of willing and able supporters an intelligent scarecrow, a courageous lion, a compassionate tin-man, an endearing good witch and the Wizard himself. She did not have to confront ethics committees, licensing boards, combative attorneys, litigious clients, and impatient judges. Mental health professionals must often find their way home alone without a well marked yellow brick road. This article will provide some of those markers to help the professional circumvent dangerous obstacles along the road home.
2004	Social sexual awareness scale (SSAS)-development and validation of an instrument to measure capacity to consent to high risk sexual behavior	David Bogacki PhD, Deborah Armstrong PsyD	psychology journal	10758	no abstract
2003	School-based dangerousness and threat assessments of children and adolescents	William Halikias PsyD	psychology tape	3043	This presentation will focus on the forensic assessment of juveniles for school violence. Professional and clinical procedures, specifying a method and model for assessing the violence potential of youth in schools will be covered.
2003	Stalkers and their targets - risks and responses	Jean D. Erhardt	psychology tape	3051	The incidence of stalking continues to rise, and evidence suggests that the danger and lethality of stalkers may also be increasing. The psychology of stalkers and their victims will be reviewed. Specific steps for reducing the very real risks that stalkers pose to their targets, their loved ones and their therapists will be outlined.
2003	Risk management-legal and ethical medications	Rahn Bailey MD	psychiatry journal	7076	no abstract
2002	Deception, dangerousness, psychiatrists' decision making	Roger Sporks PhD and Nancy Thornborrow PhD	psychiatry journal	449	This article analyzes the process of psychiatric decision making that is used to determine whether a subject should be involuntarily confined because he may be a danger to himself or others. The article has two objectives. First, using the methodology of decision analysis, it aims to identify important parameters affecting the psychiatric evaluation. These include, for example, the probability of deception by the subject and the payoffs to the psychiatrist from the various outcomes that may arise. Secondly, the article develops a model to investigate whether psychiatrists tend to overpredict or underpredict dangerousness; and the results of this model are consistent with overprediction. That is, psychiatrists do not err on the side of inappropriately releasing persons who turn out to be dangerous. Instead, their errors involve the unwarranted detainment of persons unlikely to be dangerous.
2002	Assessing the risk of elopement for forensic patients	Greg Wolder PhD and John Karanian PsyD	psychology journal	927	A process for the assessment of risk of elopement from forensic inpatient settings and subsequent determination of management strategies for areas of risk is presented. Potential variables, and their relevance to risk of elopement, are discussed. The interaction of risk of aggression, facility security and elopement risk is also described. Specific issues related to this assessment process and the reporting of results are presented.
2002	A direct comparison between clinical and actuarial prediction in short term risk prediction	David S. Nussbaum, PhD	psychology tape	2045	Litwack (2001) has argued that there is no evidence to support the contention that actuarial approaches are superior to clinical approaches in predicting risk of violence. One reason for this is the lack of studies that compared actuarial and clinical predictions within the same study as opposed to comparing rates across studies with their often different outcome measures. This study compared the VRAG with the clinical ratings of insight into mental disorder, insight into need for medication and judged medication compliance as predictors of violence in 200 review board patients over a one-year period. Implications will be discussed. A rationale for carefully utilizing clinical variables in risk evaluations and release decisions will be gained, in addition to understanding the limitations of actuarial prediction schemes.
2002	The challenge of delivering high intensity programs to high-risk, high-needs offenders	Roberto Di Fazio, PhD	psychology tape	2019	The challenges of delivering high intensity programs to high-risk and high-needs offenders will be discussed. Focus will be upon the National Sex Offenders Treatment Program and the Violence Prevention Program currently available to offenders incarcerated within and supervised by the Correctional Service of Canada. Key issues such as responsivity factors (individual, group dynamics, facilitator, institutional, and program content) and strategies for addressing offender motivational level will be reviewed. Attendees will learn the fundamental strategies used in programs designed to deal with and address the deficits of high-risk, high-needs offenders. They will be provided information on specific criteria and measures for evaluating risk and need and will learn about measures used to predict level of risk and subsequent treatment impact.
2002	Malpractice risks in forensic practice	John Podboy, PhD	psychology tape	2028	Conventional wisdom in forensic psychological practice advises that lawsuits against forensic practitioners are infrequent because the traditional clinician-patient relationship does not apply. Practitioners are, however, reminded of the adage, "Anyone has the right to initiate a lawsuit at any time for any reason." Drawing from the literature, surveys from malpractice insurance carriers, and experience, six areas of potential malpractice liability that target the forensic psychologist will be discussed. Attendees will understand the differences between clinical and forensic malpractice and will learn how to prevent malpractice exposure and actions.
2001	Assessing sexual offender recidivism risk-static-risk variables alone?	Terence Campbell PhD	psychology journal	1320	Having recognized the necessity of relying on actuarial procedures, recidivism risk assessment is moving in an appropriate direction. Unfortunately, however, there remains more research to be done in this field than has been completed. The combination of Static-Risk variables allows a moderate degree of predictive accuracy when assessing recidivism risk for samples of previously convicted sexual offenders. Combinations of Dynamic-Risk, Static-Protective, and Dynamic-Protective are associated with low degrees of predictive accuracy when assessing recidivism risk. Because this field of endeavor remains at such an early stage of development, it cannot claim general acceptance within the relevant scientific and professional communities.
2000	Actuarial predictions in law and medicine	Ansar Haroun MD	psychiatry tapes	2	no abstract at this time
2000	Risk management in shared treatment	Eugene L. Lowenkopf, MD	psychiatry tapes	1106	Psychiatrists often work in shared treatment situations, especially in this era of managed care. The role may be as medication "backup" for other disciplines or in a variety of consultive, supervisory or administrative relationships. In these scenarios when a patient is injured, who is liable? Malpractice claims are clear when they relate to diagnosis and treatment of patients directly under one s care, but are complicated in managed care and other related shared settings. Administrators and directors, supervisors, and clinicians who work in group settings supervising other non physicians share information and responsibilities. How can one protect oneself in this environment? Traditional legal principles, statutory analysis and guidelines are examined for clarification and practical risk management. Participants will understand the various legal issues related to physician liability in shared treatment and managed care circumstances; how to deal more knowledgeably concerning potential malpractice liability in these cases; and how to practice risk management more effectively in supervision and consultation.
2000	Violent risk assessment of the psychotic patient	Peter Brown, MD	psychiatry tapes	1029	Recent tragedies have focused public attention on seemingly random violence in schools, churches, the workplace and other public settings. However, such events may reinforce stereotypes concerning people with mental illness and may influence public policy disproportionately. This presentation will review the evidence for a link between severe mental illness and violence along the following dimensions: a) delusions, b) hallucinations, c) disorganized speech and behavior, d) comorbidity, and e) insight. These dimensions will be linked to demographic and situational risk factors. Two case presentations of lethal violence involving severely ill individuals will be presented. The greatest risk for violence is still for family members, close acquaintances, and healthcare providers of a small subset of mentally ill patients. Attendees will be able to explain the current literature on violence and psychosis and demonstrate the integration of that knowledge into clinical evaluations.
2000	Psychological testimony in child abuse, child custody cases-risks, precautions	Keith M Nelson JD	psychology tape	1116	This presentation will deal with a variety of areas that impact the life of a forensic psychologist in child custody and abuse cases, and will deal with practical applications of Daubert to forensic psychologists, including pitfalls to avoid. After this presentation, attendees should be better prepared to deal with issues that affect their testimony in child abuse and child custody cases, including ways to defend an attack on their expertise and qualifications in such matters, as well as enable them to point out such defects in opposing expert s qualifications/expertise.
2000	Deception, dangerousness, and psychiatrists' decision making	Roger Sparks PhD	psychology journal	5325	no abstract
1999	Risk and ethical practice of forensic psychology in the year 2000 (1 of 2)	Michele H. Licht	psychology tape	9081	Seminar conducted by guest speaker, Michele Licht, J.D., the prevailing attorney in the landmark CAPP v. Rank lawsuit insuring that psychologists would have primary responsibility to admit and manage their hospitalized patients. This seminar will provide participants a forum for evaluating their own forensic practice from a legal and ethical perspective, and will instruct the practitioner about how to identify areas of risk and how to take prophylactic action.
1999	Risk management and ethical practice in the 21st Century (1 of 2)	Penny Clemmons, Ph.D., J.D.	psychology tape	1030	Psychologists are challenged on a daily basis to meet competing ethical, moral, legal, and therapeutic standards and goals. This seminar will focus on questions most frequently asked by practitioners to assure compliance with complex criteria. Didactic material will be presented followed by a panel discussion by senior clinicians.
1999	Risk and ethical practice of forensic psychology in the year 2000	Michele H. Licht	psychology tape	9082	Seminar conducted by Guest Speaker, Michele Licht, J.D., the prevailing attorney in the landmark CAPP v. Rank lawsuit insuring that psychologists would have primary responsibility to admit and manage their hospitalized patients. This seminar will provide participants a forum for evaluating their own forensic practice from a legal and ethical perspective, and will instruct the practitioner about how to identify areas of risk and how to take prophylactic action. The year 2000 marks a turning point in the practice of forensic psychology. Technological advances raise the standard of care while creating new pitfalls for the practitioner. Anxiety and resentment fester as seasoned professionals are confronted with ever increasing restrictions on therapeutic practice. Dr. Penny Clemmons, psychologist and attorney, will focus on how the veteran psychologist can meet these challenges. A Panel Discussion will follow Ms. Licht's and Dr. Clemmons presentations, with focus on professional ethical and legal issues raised by seminar participants and the audience.
1999	Risk management and ethical practice in the 21st Century (2 of 2)	Penny Clemmons, Ph.D., J.D.	psychology tape	1031	no abstract at this time
1998	Practice guidelines for the assessment, management and communication of risk--a theoretical model	Rick Hawks EdD	psychology journal	6095	A universal model of risk assessment is proposed. This original model of assessing risk can be used by an evaluator, regardless of a specific setting, and can be applied to any area of dangerousness, including harm to self, harm to others, or sexual aggression. Practice guidelines are naturally generated from this universal model of risk. These guidelines can be viewed as a "standard of care" by which evaluators may estimate the quality of their own assessment procedures.
1997	Preferred guidelines for risk assessment	Rick D. Hawks, Ed.D.	psychology tape	1251	Often psychologists are called upon to predict dangerousness. Risk assessment is particularly important in evaluating harm to self, others, and sexual aggression. An evaluator will reduce personal liability for assessing risk if acceptable assessment techniques (called "ordinary standard of care") have been used. This presentation provides a model of risk assessment for assessing risk in suicide, homicide and sexual offense cases. The presenter will discuss the use of a universal standard for assessment which he has successfully used in criminal and civil court proceedings.
1997	Sex offenders and amenability to treatment- prediction of risk or risk of prediction	Charlene Steen PhD, JD	psychology tape	10123	Psychologists evaluate sex offenders for the courts to determine their suitability for treatment in the community versus need for a more restrictive environment. The evaluator is expected to determine the offender s amenability to treatment and future risk of harm. Dr. Steen shows why prediction is necessary, what the evaluator is qualified to predict, what predictors have proven sound, and criteria for successful prediction. Overcaution versus Undercaution and how to minimize negative responses when an in-community recommendation results in failure are also discussed.
1997	Risk factors contributing to effectiveness of suicide prevention	Edwin deBroize, PhD	psychology tape	1241	City jails in New York State showed an 88% decrease of suicides since 1984. Successful suicides in the New York State Department of Correctional Services showed a steady increase until 199394, then a decrease. This increase rate caused alarm. Review of the suicide data was undertaken to identify pertinent risk factors that distinguished the jail trend from that of the prison. Major questions and issues arose as a result of the study that will be shared with participants.
1997	Risk assessment and sex offenders	Ron Langevin, Ph.D.	psychology tape	1262	no abstract at this time
1997	Risk management for forensic psychiatrists	David Glaser MD	psychiatry tapes	1293	no abstract at this time
1997	Preferred guidelines for risk assessment	Hawks R	psychology CDs	10329	Often psychologists are called upon to predict dangerousness. Risk assessment is particularly important in evaluating harm to self, others, and sexual aggression. An evaluator will reduce personal liability for assessing risk if acceptable assessment techniques (called "ordinary standard of care") have been used. This presentation provides a model of risk assessment for assessing risk in suicide, homicide and sexual offense cases. The presenter will discuss the use of a universal standard for assessment which he has successfully used in criminal and civil court proceedings.
1997	A biologically derived, psychometric model for understanding, predicting and treating tendencies toward future violence	David Nussbaum PhD and Jean Saint-Cyr Phd	psychology journal	5178	no abstract
1995	HIV infection and AIDS among correctional inmates- disorders, high risk behavior	Heidi Hutton, Ph.D	psychology tapes	1331	no abstract at this time
1995	Intimate love relationships and violence- a psychoanalytic perspective on risk assessment	Richard Lettieri, Ph.D.	psychology tape	1450	no abstract at this time
1995	Mental disorders and violence: building a knowledge base system for predicting future dangerousness	Maurice Ohayon MD	psychiatry journal	10417	The DSM-IV is of little help in evaluating violent behavior in terms of diagnosis: It is up to the psychiatrist to decide if the violent behavior is related to a mental disorder. The increasing number of mentally ill individuals in the community within the last three decades provokes various fears in the population. One of the most prominent fears is whether these individuals are dangerous or not. There is an agreement in the literature saying that most of the mentally ill are not dangerous, but the risk is higher in some diagnoses of psychiatric disorders. It is proposed that use of the knowledge based system, Expertal, can increase reliability of prediction. Expertal is a knowledge based system developed around the Adinfer inference engine. It is a level 2 nonmonotonic causal reasoning system. It attempts to emulate the human expert psychiatrist s skill and decision making process. Mental disorders where violent behavior may occur are listed in the paper.
1995	Predicting and preventing medical malpractice lawsuits	Ira Schwartz PhD	psychology journal	881	Stress from medical malpractice lawsuits causes many doctors to be stricken with coronaries, depression, insomnia, and suicidal ideation, just 5 of 21 illnesses reported (2). About 42,000 doctors are sued annually, and each case lasts six years on the average The number of doctors who are ill at any time due to litigation is enormous. Insult is added to illness, because most suits are unfounded.
1994	Molly D'Errico v. the City of Philadelphia-harassment case-betrayal of trust	Eric Fine MD	psychiatry tapes	1881	The patient in this case was told by her employer, a traffic judge, that people were spying on her, that her phones were tapped and her office bugged. She kept an "enemy list" and her boss prohibited her from speaking to anyone on the list, many of whom were traffic court employees. It was in the context of this pathological relationship that the patient exhibited intense anxiety, fearing that if she contradicted the judge she would be fired and blackballed. Her symptoms became so intense that she required psychiatric treatment and was unable to return to work. The objectives of this presentation are 1) to demonstrate how betrayal of trust can result in severe psychiatric pathology; 2) to learn how to effectively treat such a disorder and 3) how to work with plaintiff's attorney in the legal ramifications of such a case.
1994	Not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder	Joseph A Noone MD	psychiatry tapes	1931	For the first time since the 1800s, there has been a change in the Criminal Code of Canada regarding mentally ill persons in conflict with the law. The intent of the amendments was to reduce prolonged detention of insanity acquittees. Such changes require that mental health professionals, serving as consultants to the judicial system or as practitioners need to reassess what the new provisions ask of them. A number of ambiguities require clarification. Dr. Noone outlines the changes in the new law, differences from the prior law and clarifies ambiguous portions of the new law and assess whether it has fulfilled its purpose.
1994	Predicting and preventing medical malpractice lawsuits-a progress report	Ira Schwartz PhD	psychology journal	5275	A project to prevent malpractice lawsuits (1) was continued: a) The Medical Litigant Scale (MLS), which assesses patients' proneness to sue doctors, was expanded and validated on general litigants (GLs), people who sued various defendants; b) A subscale was added to identify law misusers (LMs), who bend, break, and excessively use or misuse the law. The expanded scale and subscale were validated, and six of twelve items tested were retained; c) A companion to the MLS, the Doctor's Rating Scale (DRS), was developed from an item analysis; it was designed to identify physicians prone to provoke lawsuits. The DRS and MLS are ready for validation and cross-validation studies, respectively, ultimately to be used by psychologists to assist physicians, insurance companies, and others in the prevention of both medical malpractice lawsuits and misuse of the law.
1994	Erotomania and delusional misidentification as risk factors for aggression	J Arturo Silva MD	psychiatry journal	6071	Erotomanic and misidentification delusions have been individually associated with dangerous behaviors. The authors describe a case in which an individual harbors these two delusions and discuss how these delusions may interact in the genesis of aggressive behavior in a single individual.
1993	Predicting judicial disposition and treatment outcome for juvenile delinquents	LL Aubrey MD and Moss Aubrey PhD	psychology tape	1391	A major issue facing the juvenile justice system is whether diversion into treatment programs reduces recidivism. Factors judges heed in determining disposition and the impact of treatment on recidivism are discussed. Overview of the juvenile justice system and judicial decision process; characteristics of adolescent offenders related to treatment success; implications for improving judicial client treatment matching.
1991	A model for treating the lower risk adolescent sex offender in the community	Charlene Steen PhD, JD	psychology tape	1847	Workshop by attorney-psychologist author of Treating Adolescent Sex Offenders in the Community, to provide a comprehensive design for outpatient community treatment of the lower risk adolescent sex offender. Recommended modular treatment approach is presented, encompassing group and individual therapy for the offender, group therapy for parents, family therapy and aftercare.
1991	Reading the Supreme Court's tea leaves-predicting judicial behavior in civil and criminal right to refuse treatment cases	Michael Perlin JD	psychiatry journal	5204	The question of the right to refuse antipsychotic medication remains the most important and volatile aspect of the legal regulation of mental health practice, and it is essential that both practitioners and forensic experts familiarize themselves with recent case law and constitutional developments.
1990	Dangerousness and Discharge-Patton State Hospital Forensic Center (40 pages)	August Kasper MD, Chief of Medical Educaton-Patton State Hospital	psychology journal	8145	no abstract
1989	Risk factors in delinquency-a controlled comparison between delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents	Richard Famularo MD, Robert Kinscherff PhD, Terrence Fenton EdD	psychiatry journal	5084	Self-reports of delinquents exhibit significantly elevated rates of attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity and frequency of alcohol intake relative to those of nondelinquents. Methods, results and discussion presented.
1989	Dangerousness and releasing patients to the community (6 tapes)	August Kasper MD-Patton State Hospital	psychiatry journal	1833	A panel of psychiatrists, psychologists, lawyers, judges, philosopher, legislative representatives and conditional release officials met for a day to discuss the plight of confined, legally insane patients who petition for conditional release from the state hospital back to the community. Despite a lengthy hospital stay and arduous treatment efforts by clinical staff who affirm to have succeeded in "restoring sanity" and recommend release, community representatives (CONREP) are able to impede release of clinically rehabilitated patients, by convincing the court that these patients remain "dangerous.
1989	Dangerousness, least restrictive environment- professional dilemma resolved by murder	Spencer DeVault Donna Long MA	psychology tape	10078	The ax killing by a 19-year-old male following a homosexual advance is presented. The case is an extreme example of a potential for violence in which almost all criteria of dangerousness were met. The risk in this case was high and the prediction would probably have been very near certain, although it was never made. The subject had been discharged from state care with no provisions made for continuing care or monitoring, despite the overwhelming evidence that should have allowed a fairly certain prediction of future violence.
1988	Predictor variables of violent behavior	Steven Norton MA	psychology journal	5244	The prediction of violence is a major problem for the mental health system. The basis for violence prediction has traditionally involved individual judgments, psychiatric diagnoses or a history of violent acts, while ignoring learning history, environmental and situational variables. This study attempted to define learning history, environmental and situational variables related to the occurrence of a violent act. The case histories of 202 violent and nonviolent males committed to the Rusk State Hospital in Rusk, Texas were reviewed to find this data.
1988	Assessment and prediction of paraphilic behavior	Edward Rowan MD	psychiatry journal	5202	no abstract
1987	Psychopathic personality disorder- review and diagnosis as a predictive tool	Robert Pos MD	psychiatry tapes	10208	Review of the psychopathic personality, stressing Cleckley's role and relating it to DSM's antisocial personality disorder and the ICD's sociopathic personality disorder and Millon's view.
1987	Guidelines for violence prediction- workshop for forensic professionals (2 tapes)	Harold V Hall PhD (2 tapes)	psychology tape	10271	Workshop designed to study pivotal concepts in dangerousness prediction by first looking at the forensic distortion analysis, with particular reference to the search for true basal violence and the detection of deception by the eyewitness, the victim and the accused.
1984	Impact of biological psychiatry in prediction of violent behavior	Ali Si, MD	psychiatry tapes	1735	A view of the phenomenon of violence in the perspective of biological psychiatry. Included are particular reasons why an act of violence is committed. Discussion of the impact of recent advances and theories to establish better guidelines for prediction of violence.
1984	Predicting dangerousness for the courts	HV Hall PhD	psychology journal	6044	Factors associated with violence are presented, which form the basis of decision rules for dangerousness predictions. Best predictors are stimulus triggers, environmental stress (particularly breakup of the central love relationship), substance intoxication, command hallucinations, paranoid thinking and obsessive thoughts of revenge or violence. Forensic guidelines given based on more than a hundred sanity examinations.
1984	Dangerous myths about predicting dangerousness	Harold Hall PhD			no abstrict
1984	Predicting dangerousness for the courts	Harold Valentine Hall PhD	psychiatry journal	8022	This paper presents several clusters of factors associated with human violence which then form the basis of decision rules for dangrousness predicitions.
1983	Who is to be committed? statutory definitions of mental illness and dangerousness	David Roth PhD and Bertram Stoffelmayer PhD	psychology journal	5201	The relationship between the legal status of patients admitted and behavior and symptoms described in the intake notes is examined. Involuntary patients were described as more dangerous and as less able to care for themselves.
1983	Dangerousness as a standard for civil commitment	Jay Cohn MD, PhD, JD	psychiatry journal	5032	Presentation and critical view of three landmark models for involuntary civil commitment: Parents Patriae theory, the Lanterman Petris Short Act, and the Stone model.